Recession Indicators: Reading the Economic Tea Leaves

From yield curve inversions to leading indicators, we examine the signals that historically predict recessions and assess where we stand today.

RecessionEconomic IndicatorsYield CurveRisk Management
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By eSNAP Team
September 21, 2025

Recession Indicators: Reading the Economic Tea Leaves

With mixed economic signals and ongoing uncertainty, understanding recession indicators has never been more important. Let's examine the key metrics that historically signal economic downturns.

Classic Recession Indicators

1. Yield Curve Inversion

Status: Inverted The 2-10 year spread has been inverted for an extended period, historically one of the most reliable recession predictors. However, the lag between inversion and recession varies widely.

2. Leading Economic Index (LEI)

Status: Declining The Conference Board's LEI has declined for multiple consecutive months, suggesting economic weakness ahead.

3. Sahm Rule

Status: Not Triggered Unemployment hasn't risen enough to trigger this real-time recession indicator, suggesting we're not yet in recession.

Financial Market Signals

Credit Spreads

  • Investment-grade spreads remain contained
  • High-yield showing some stress but not extreme
  • Bank lending standards tightening significantly

Stock Market Breadth

  • Narrow leadership concerning
  • Small caps underperforming
  • Defensive sectors showing relative strength

Real Economy Indicators

Consumer Health

  • Savings Rate: Declining from pandemic highs
  • Credit Card Debt: Rising rapidly
  • Consumer Confidence: Mixed signals

Business Activity

  • Manufacturing PMI: In contraction territory
  • Services PMI: Holding above 50
  • Capital Expenditure: Slowing

Historical Context

Looking at past recessions:

  • Average lead time from yield curve inversion: 12-18 months
  • Typical recession duration: 11 months
  • Stock market usually bottoms before recession ends

Unique Factors This Cycle

  1. Unprecedented fiscal stimulus effects still working through system
  2. Structural labor shortage supporting employment
  3. De-globalization trends affecting inflation dynamics
  4. AI productivity boom potential offset

Probability Assessment

Based on current indicators:

  • Next 6 months: 35% probability
  • Next 12 months: 60% probability
  • Severity if occurs: Likely mild to moderate

Portfolio Positioning

Defensive Strategies

  • Increase cash allocation
  • Focus on quality bonds
  • Defensive equity sectors
  • Consider gold allocation

Opportunistic Preparation

  • Build watchlist for discounted assets
  • Prepare dry powder for deployment
  • Identify sectors likely to lead recovery

Key Metrics to Monitor

  1. Weekly jobless claims
  2. Consumer spending trends
  3. Corporate earnings revisions
  4. Credit conditions
  5. Housing market activity

Conclusion

While recession risks are elevated, timing remains uncertain. The unique nature of this cycle makes historical parallels imperfect guides. Stay flexible, defensive, and data-driven.

Track all these indicators in real-time on our dashboard.

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Recession Indicators: Reading the Economic Tea Leaves | eSNAP